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Title:

Therapeutic Window of Ligand-Free Silver Nanoparticles in Agar-Embedded and Colloidal State: In Vitro Bactericidal Effects and Cytotoxicity

Date:

5/2012

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Abstract:

The inhibition of bacterial growth through effective non-toxic antimicrobial substances is of great importance for the prevention and therapy of implant infections in various medical disciplines. For the evaluation of a therapeutic window of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), their bactericidal properties were tested in agar composites and colloids on four medical relevant bacteria. Therefore, we produced AgNPs using high-power nanosecond laser ablation in water showing a log-normal particle diameter distribution centered at 17 nm. Bacteria were incubated with AgNP concentrations ranging from 5 to 70 �g � mL−1 and the growth rate was recorded. Additionally, cytotoxic effects of AgNPs on human gingival fibroblasts were examined. The experiments demonstrated that laser-synthesized AgNPs resulted in a significant bacterial growth inhibition of more than 80% at the indicated concentrations in a solid agar model (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 �g � mL−1, Streptococcus salivarius 10 �g � mL−1, Escherichia coli 20 �g � mL−1, Staphylococcus aureus 70 �g � mL−1). In a planktonic bacteria model, the growth of the tested bacteria was significantly delayed by the addition of AgNPs at a concentration of 35 �g � mL−1. The cytotoxic assays showed limited adverse effects on human fibroblasts at concentrations of less than 20 �g � mL−1. The present study illustrates the strong antibacterial effects of ligand-free, laser-generated AgNPs that exhibit moderate cytotoxic effects, resulting in a therapeutically applicable concentration of AgNPs for medical purposes between 10 and 20 �g � mL−1.

Non-technical Summary:

For this study, in order to evaluate a therapeutic window of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), their bactericidal properties were tested in agar composites and colloids on four medical relevant bacteria. Bacteria were incubated with AgNP concentrations ranging from 5 to 70 �g � mL−1 and the growth rate was recorded. Additionally, cytotoxic effects of AgNPs on human gingival fibroblasts were examined

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