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Title: Nanotechnology: Toxicologic Pathology
Date: 2/2013
  Link to Journal Abstract
Abstract: Nanotechnology involves technology, science, and engineering in dimensions less than 100 nm. A virtually infinite number of potential nanoscale products can be produced from many different molecules and their combinations. The exponentially increasing number of nanoscale products will solve critical needs in engineering, science, and medicine. However, the virtually infinite number of potential nanotechnology products is a challenge for toxicologic pathologists. Because of their size, nanoparticulates can have therapeutic and toxic effects distinct from micron-sized particulates of the same composition. In the nanoscale, distinct intercellular and intracellular translocation pathways may provide a different distribution than that obtained by micron-sized particulates. Nanoparticulates interact with subcellular structures including microtubules, actin filaments, centrosomes, and chromatin; interactions that may be facilitated in the nanoscale. Features that distinguish nanoparticulates from fine particulates include increased surface area per unit mass and quantum effects. In addition, some nanotechnology products, including the fullerenes, have a novel and reactive surface. Augmented microscopic procedures including enhanced dark-field imaging, immunofluorescence, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy are useful when evaluating nanoparticulate toxicologic pathology. Thus, the pathology assessment is facilitated by understanding the unique features at the nanoscale and the tools that can assist in evaluating nanotoxicology studies.
Non-technical Summary: In this review article, the authors summarize the challenges that nanotechnology products present for toxicologic pathologists. They conclude the pathology assessment is facilitated by understanding the unique features at the nanoscale and the tools that can assist in evaluating nanotoxicology studies.
Content Emphasis Review Article
Exposure Or Hazard Target Mammalian
Exposure Pathway Other/Unspecified
Method Of Study Other
Paper Type Hazard
Particle Type Other/Unspecified
Production Method Engineered
Risk Exposure Group General Population
Target Audience Technical Research
Citation: Toxicologic Pathology, 41(2): 395-409 (February 2013)
Publication: Toxicologic Pathology
Author: Hubbs AF, Sargent LM, Porter DW, Sager TM, Chen BT, Frazer DG, Castranova V, Sriram K, Nurkiewicz TR, Reynolds SH, Battelli LA, Schwegler-Berry D, McKinney W, Fluharty KL, Mercer RR
Volume: 41
Number: 2
Pages: 395-409
     


Last updated on March 19, 2013
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This work is supported in part by the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation
under NSF Award Number EEC-0118007.

 		 
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